The structure and function analysis of bacterial community during aerobic composting of chicken manure / 生物工程学报

In order to determine the changes of bacterial community structure and function in the early, middle and late stage of aerobic composting of chicken manure, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to determine and analyze the 16S rRNA sequence of samples at different stages of composting. Wayne analysis showed that most of the bacterial OTUs in the three composting stages were the same, and only about 10% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed stage specificity. The diversity indexes including Ace, Chao1 and Simpson showed a trend of increasing at first, followed by decreasing. However, there was no significant difference among different composting stages (P < 0.05). The dominant bacteria groups in three composting stages were analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. The dominant bacteria phyla at three composting stages were the same, but the abundances were different. LEfSe (line discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size) method was used to analyze the bacterial biological markers with statistical differences among three stages of composting. From the phylum to genus level, there were 49 markers with significant differences among different groups. The markers included 12 species, 13 genera, 12 families, 8 orders, 1 boundary, and 1 phylum. The most biomarkers were detected at early stage while the least biomarkers were detected at late stage. The microbial diversity was analyzed at the functional pathway level. The function diversity was the highest in the early stage of composting. Following the composting, the microbial function was enriched relatively while the diversity decreased. This study provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the regulation of livestock manure aerobic composting process.

Vessel-collateral Theory Guided Rules of Syndrome and Treatment of Cardiovascular Event Chain Based on Medical Record Data Mining and Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the rules of syndrome and treatment of cardiovascular event chain based on the results of data mining of medical records under the guidance of vessel-collateral theory. MethodMulti-source database research method was used to retrieve the medical records related to metabolic syndrome， angina pectoris of coronary heart disease， post-intervention of myocardial infarction， arrhythmia after myocardial infarction and heart failure after myocardial infarction between database inception and January 2022 from PubMed， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform （Wanfang Data）， VIP and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed）. The fields of name， age， gender， symptoms， tongue image， pulse image， drug and disease location were extracted from these medical records， and drug efficacy classification and syndrome classification were determined based on vessel-collateral theory. The rules of syndrome and treatment of cardiovascular event chain were analyzed by data mining methods such as frequency deconstruction， systematic cluster analysis and FP-Growth association analysis. ResultThe above five key pathological links in the chain of cardiovascular event chain all showed symptoms related to the disorder of Yingwei. The proportion of dampness， phlegm， blood stasis and water secondary to the disorder of Yingwei in the above five key pathological links was different， and the frequency of corresponding drug combinations was also different. ConclusionThe disorder of Yingwei is the initiating factor of cardiovascular event chain and runs through the whole process. The abnormality of Yingwei at the terminal of vessel-collateral may lead to the disorder of Qi， blood， body fluid and essence transportation and metabolism. Body fluid accumulates into dampness， dampness accumulates into phlegm， blood stagnation accumulates into blood stasis， blood stasis accumulates into water， which becomes an internal driving factor to promote the development and aggravation of cardiovascular event chain. It leads to the transmission law of Ning-Yong-Sai-Butong， which constitutes the core pathogenesis of the development and evolution of the five key pathological links of cardiovascular event chain.

Vessel-collateral Theory Guided Rules of Syndrome and Treatment of Cardiovascular Event Chain Based on Medical Record Data Mining and Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the rules of syndrome and treatment of cardiovascular event chain based on the results of data mining of medical records under the guidance of vessel-collateral theory. MethodMulti-source database research method was used to retrieve the medical records related to metabolic syndrome， angina pectoris of coronary heart disease， post-intervention of myocardial infarction， arrhythmia after myocardial infarction and heart failure after myocardial infarction between database inception and January 2022 from PubMed， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform （Wanfang Data）， VIP and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed）. The fields of name， age， gender， symptoms， tongue image， pulse image， drug and disease location were extracted from these medical records， and drug efficacy classification and syndrome classification were determined based on vessel-collateral theory. The rules of syndrome and treatment of cardiovascular event chain were analyzed by data mining methods such as frequency deconstruction， systematic cluster analysis and FP-Growth association analysis. ResultThe above five key pathological links in the chain of cardiovascular event chain all showed symptoms related to the disorder of Yingwei. The proportion of dampness， phlegm， blood stasis and water secondary to the disorder of Yingwei in the above five key pathological links was different， and the frequency of corresponding drug combinations was also different. ConclusionThe disorder of Yingwei is the initiating factor of cardiovascular event chain and runs through the whole process. The abnormality of Yingwei at the terminal of vessel-collateral may lead to the disorder of Qi， blood， body fluid and essence transportation and metabolism. Body fluid accumulates into dampness， dampness accumulates into phlegm， blood stagnation accumulates into blood stasis， blood stasis accumulates into water， which becomes an internal driving factor to promote the development and aggravation of cardiovascular event chain. It leads to the transmission law of Ning-Yong-Sai-Butong， which constitutes the core pathogenesis of the development and evolution of the five key pathological links of cardiovascular event chain.

Effects of different application methods of Bacillus subtilis agent on soil microbial diversity and growth of muskmelon / 生物工程学报

Continuous planting of muskmelon and excessive application of chemical fertilizers have caused a series of problems, such as imbalance of the soil micro-ecological environment, serious soil-borne diseases and yield loss. Application of Bacillus subtilis agent is an important way to improve soil micro-ecological environment, prevent soil-borne diseases, and promote plant growth. In this study, B. subtilis was used as experimental agent to analyze the effects of different application methods on the soil microbial diversity and growth of muskmelon in greenhouse. The number of culturable microorganisms in soil was measured by dilution-plate method. The diversity of soil uncultivated microorganisms was determined by Illumina Miseq sequencing technology. The yield of muskmelon was measured by weighing method. The number of culturable bacteria in the root irrigation, hole application and dipping root application groups was higher than that of the control in different muskmelon growth stages, but there was no significant difference among the three different application methods. The number of soil fungi from B. subtilis agent treatment groups in flowering stage was significantly lower in comparison to the control group. However, B. subtilis agent treatment did not cause significant difference on soil fungi number at the fruiting and pulling stage. Diversity analysis of uncultured microorganisms showed that the Shannon index values of bacteria were higher and Simpson index values were lower respectively in the three B. subtilis treatment groups than that in the control. Moreover, the dipping root treatment produced the lowest Shannon index value and the highest Simpson index value of fungi. NMDS and cluster analysis showed that B. subtilis agents dipping root treatment significantly affected the bacterial and fungal flora, both of which were clustered into one independent branch. The application of B. subtilis agents, especially dipping root treatment, significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. The B. subtilis agent treatment didn't produce significant effect on the diversity of fungal flora except Chytridiomycota. The height, stem diameter and leaf area of muskmelon increased by applying B. subtilis agents, and dipping root treatment produced the most significant effect. As a new type of environmental protection fertilizer, B. subtilis agent can increase the number of soil culturable microorganisms, improve soil microbial diversity, and promote growth and yield. This study would provide a scientific basis for the rational application of B. subtilis.

Experimental research in volume retention of different fat-processing techniques / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To perform a comparative study of different fat-processing techniques to explore which technique could obtain higher fat content.@*Methods@#Lipoaspirates was purified with three groups of fat-processing techniques (sedimentation, centrifugation, and cotton pad filtering). Isometric purified fat tissue was centrifuged at 5 000 g for 5 minutes to quantify the oil, aqueous, and fat content from them. HE staining was applied to evaluate the effect of different fat-processing techniques on the integrity of adipocyte.@*Results@#The fat content, aqueous content, and oil content of three groups was respectively 86.0%, 9.6% and 4.4% for the cotton pad filtering group; 74.4%, 14.8% and 10.8% for the centrifugation group; 62.0%, 28.4% and 9.6% for the sedimentation group. In the HE histologic findings, no significant difference was observed in the integrity of adipocyte of three groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#In comparison with the sedimentation group and the centrifugation group, more fat content, less oil content and aqueous content was observed in the cotton pad filtering group. The cotton pad filtering technique was helpful in postoperative volume retention.

A comparison of tracheal intubation guided by Lightwand,Shikani optical stylet or Macintosh / 实用医学杂志

Objective To compare of the application of tracheal intubation guided by Lightwand,Shikani optical stylet,or Macintosh. Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients undergoing elective general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups(n = 30):Macintosh group(group M),Lightwand group(group L)and Shi-kani optical stylet group(group S). MAP and HR were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T1), before intubation(T2),at the immediate time of intubation(T3),3 mins(T4)and 5 mins after intubation(T5). The intubation duration,the first intubation success rate,the number of intubation,and the incidence of complications including sore throat were observed. Results As compared with T1,MAP and HR decreased significantly at T2in the three groups(P<0.05). As compared with T2,HR increased in group L and MAP and HR increased in group S at T3(P<0.05). As compared with group M,MAP and HR at T4and T5were lower in groups L and S(P<0.05). The first intubation time was obviously shorter in group L than in other groups(P<0.05). The incidence of compli-cations was lower in group S(P < 0.05). The first success rate of intubation,the intubation times and the inci-dence of airway complications did not differ significantly among the three groups.(P > 0.05). Conclusions As compared with Macintosh,Lightwand and Shikani optical stylet have less influence on hemodynamic parameters. Lightwand needs shorter intubation time,Shikani optical stylet has the lowest rate of sore throat.

Comparison of Clarus video stylet,HPHJ-A video laryngoscope and Airtraq laryngoscope for guiding oral tracheal intubation in patients with snoring / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the effectiveness and feasibility of oral tracheal intubation with Clarus video stylet,HPHJ-A video laryngoscope and Airtraq laryngoscope and in snoring pa-tients.Methods Ninety patients undergoing elective snoring surgery with general anesthesia,3 9 males and 51 females,aged 22-55 years,BMI 25-29 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were ran-domly divided into three equal-sized groups (n=30):Clarus Video Stylet group (group C),HPHJ-A video laryngoscope group (group H)and Airtraq laryngoscope group (group A).The time of success-ful endotracheal intubation and the success rate of initial intubation of all groups were observed.The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR)and Rate-pressure product(RPP)were also monitored before induction of anesthesia(T0),before tracheal intubation(T1),at 0 min(T2),1 min (T3),and 3 min (T4)after intubation,as well as the throat injury and hemorrhage were noted. Results Patients in group C were successful intubated.Two patients in group H and one patient in group A with failed intubation were successfully intubated by using Clarus video stylet.The time re-quired for successful intubation in group C was longer than groups H and A (P<0.05).Compared with T0,the increasing of hemodynamic parameters (MAP,HR,RPP)after induction of all groups were significant(P<0.05).Compared with T1,the HR,MAP and RPP were increased significantly at T2in all groups (P<0.05).Compared with T1,the MAP and RPP were increased significantly at T3in all groups,and the HR were increased significantly at T3in groups H and A (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the HR between T1and T3in group C.The increase in the HR and RPP at T2 was lower in group C than that in both the groups H and A (P <0.05).The changes of hemodynamic parameters were no significant among the three groups at other time.The differences of sore throat score and hemorrhage were no significant.Conclusion Compared with HPHJ-A video laryngoscope and Airtraq laryngoscope,Clarus video stylet for guiding oral tracheal intubation in snoring patients have less influence on hemodynamic parameters,and have no limited mouth opening. But Clarus Video Stylet spends longer intubating times,and has no obvious advantages on preventing throat injury.

Clinical Observation on 24 Cases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of Stationary Phase Combined with Stable Angina Pectoris with Qi Deficiency-blood Stasis-phlegm Blockade Syndrome: Simultaneous Intervention for Heart and Lung / 中医杂志

Objective To examine the clinical effect of simultaneous intervention for heart and lung on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of stationary phase combined with stable angina pectoris with Qi deficiencyblood stasis-phlegm blockade syndrome.Methods Ninety-six COPD stationary phase combined with stable angina pectoris patients with Qi deficiency-blood stasis-phlegm blockade syndrome were randomized into control group,Juhong [Exocarpium Citri Rubrum] tablet group,the Tongxinluo (通心络) group and the Ju&Tong group,24 cases in each group.The control group was given western medicine routine therapy.In addition to the treatment of the control group,Juhong tablet 3.6 g was given to the Juhong tablet group orally,twice each day;Tongxinluo capsule 1.04 g was given to the Tongxinluo group orally,three times each day;Juhong tablet and Tongxinluo capsule were given to the Ju&Tong group.Each group was treated for 8 weeks.The following intems were compared before and after treatment including the scores of cough,cough up phlegm,dyspnea and St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ),anginal attacks,durante dolors,nitroglycerin consumption,pulmonary function [including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)],as well as the levels of serum C reactive protein (CRP),interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10).Results After treatment,the scores of cough,cough up phlegm,dyspnea and SGRQ decreased in the Juhong tablet group,the Tongxinluo group and the Ju&Tong group.FEV1 and FVC increased.Anginal attacks,durante dolors,nitroglycerin consumption,as well as the levels of serum CRP,IL-1 βand IL-10 decreased.Moreover,the effect of certain indexes in the Ju&Tong group was superior to those in the Juhong tablet group and the Tongxinluo group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Simultaneous intervention for heart and lung might improve clinical symptoms and pulmonary function of COPD stationary phase combined with stable angina pectoris with Qi deficiency-blood stasis-phlegm blockade syndrome patients.Inhibiting chronic persistent inflammation might be one of the important mechanisms.

Analysis on Heart-Lung Correlation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Clinically, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary heart disease (CAD) often interact to promote disease progression. This article discussed that zongqi is the heart-lung correlation functional basis and yingwei relevant is heart-lung correlation core. Zongqi deficiency is the incidence basis of COPD and CAD from the pathology. Communication and transformation of nutrient and defensive qi is the core mechanism of COPD combined with CAD. Phlegm and blood stasis are toxic intricate. Further damage to jingqi is the key to combination of COPD and CAD. It lays the foundation for next clinical syndrome differentiation, development of comprehensive treatment programs and clinical research.

Effect of Tongxinluo on polarization of macrophages / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of Tongxinluo on the polarization of macrophages to type M2 and M1, and on Notch signaling pathway.Methods THP-1 was respectively induced by PMA and IL-4 or LPS to M2 and M1 type polarized macrophages, and treated by Tongxinluo.The expressions of marker molecules IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 and protein of Notch signaling pathway were detected.Results The level of IL-10 increased in M2 group and there was no statistical difference on the level of IL-6 and TNF-α;the level of IL-10 decreased and IL-6, TNF-α increased in M1 group;the level of IL-10 increased and IL-6,TNF-α decreased in TXL group.There was no statistical difference in the expression of active Notch-1, DLL4 and Hes-1 between control group and M2 group;the expression of active Notch-1, DLL4 and HES-1 increased significantly in M1 group;the expression of active Notch-1, DLL4 and HES-1 decreased significantly in TXL group;there was no significant difference in the expression of Notch-1 protein in each group.Conclusion The polarization of macrophages to M1 type can be inhibited by Tongxinluo, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway.

Effects of Qiliqiangxin on hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus renin angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in rats with heart failure / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine the effects of Qiliqian-gxin injected into lateral ventricle on Cardiac function, angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ) , angiotensin converting en-zyme(ACE), angiotensin type 1 receptor(AT1R) and the sympathetic nervous system in the hypothalamic pa-raventricular nucleus of rats with chronic heart failure. Methods Rat model of heart failure was prepared by acute myocardial infarction that was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks after heart failure, Qiliqiangxin and Losartan were continuously administered via a syringe pump in-jector connected to lateral ventricle. After four weeks, echocardiogram was used to evaluate the cardiac func-tion and HE was used to observe myocardial tissue morphology, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma norepinephrine( NE) , ser-um NT-proBNP and Ang Ⅱ in the paraventricular nu-cleus. The expression of ACE and AT1 R at mRNA and protein levels in the paraventricular nucleus was deter-mined by Real-time PCR and Western blot, and the RSNA was measured by PowerLab in anesthetized rats. Results Compared with the sham control, the cardiac function was significantly lower while the AngII, ACE, AT1 R expression in the paraventricular nucleus and RSNA were significantly increased in rats with heart failure. Compared with heart failure control, Qiliqian-gxin and Losartan decreased the RSNA and the AngII, ACE, AT1 R expression in the paraventricular nucleus. Conclusion Giving traditional Chinese medicine to the lateral ventricles can decrease the activation of the RAS system, reduce the renal sympathetic nerve activi-ty and improve cardiac function.

Effect of Dredging Collateral Drug on ox-LDL Injured THP-1 Cells Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in vitro / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of oxidative-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) injured human leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1) adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)in vitrowith the intervening function of dredging collateral drug, tongxinluo (TXL) and ginsenoside (Rb1). Methods: Cell injury was induced by ox-LDL treatment. The cells were divided into 4 groups:①Normal control group,②Injury model group, the cells were cultured by ox-LDL,③TXL group, the cells were cultured with both ox-LDL and TXL,④Rb1 group. HUVEC viability was measured by MTS assay, adherence rate of THP-1 cells to HUVECs was tested by vital cell staining. The contents of monocyte chemoat-tractant protein (MCP-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1), soluble inter vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVEC conditioned medium were detected by ELISA; protein expressions of CCR2, VLA4 and Mac-1 in THP-1 cells were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, HUVEC viability was decreased in Injury model group (100 ±1.31) % vs(75.57 ± 1.02) %, while increased in both TXL and Rb1 groups (99.25 ± 1.40) % and (99.48 ± 2.15) %; Injury model group showed elevated adherence rate of THP-1 cells to HUVECs, while the adherence rates were reduced in both TXL and Rb1 groups. Compared with Injury model group, TXL group and Rb1 group showed decreased levels of MCP-1, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVEC conditioned medium; decreased protein expressions of CCR2, VLA4 and Mac-1 in THP-1 cells. Conclusion: TXL and Rb1 could protect HUVECs, reduce ox-LDL injury induced vascular endothelial cell adhesion and decrease relevant receptor expression in monocytes; therefore, inhibit injured monocytes adherence to vascular endothelial cells.

Downregulated transient outward potassium channel protein Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 expression in PVN contributes to sympathoexcitation in rats with chronic heart failure / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the transient outward potassium channel protein expression in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its contribution to renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS:A rat model of CHF was prepared by acute myocardial infarction that was induced by ligation of the left ante -rior descending coronary artery .Four weeks after heart failure , echocardiogram was applied to identify the CHF model and plasma norepinephrine (NE), serum NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected by ELISA. The expression of ransient outward potassium channel proteins Kv 4.2 and Kv4.3 at mRNA and protein levels was deter-mined by real-time PCR and Western blot .The mean arterial pressure ( MAP) , heart rate ( HR) and RSNA were measured in anesthetized rats with PVN microinjection of potassium channel blockers 4-AP.RESULTS:In CHF group , the rat car-diac function and Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 expression in PVN were obviously lower while plasma NE and serum NT-proBNP were obviously higher than those in sham group .Microinjection of 4-AP into PVN induced an increase in MAP , HR and RSNA in both sham and CHF rats , while the CHF rats exhibited smaller responses to 4-AP than sham-operated rats .CONCLU-SION:Downregulation of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 expression in the PVN may be a potential mechanism for sympathoexciation in the rats with chronic heart failure .

Influence of Guishaotongluo on angiogenesis of adventitial vasa vasorum and oxidative stress in early stage of atherosclerosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of Guishao-tongluo ( GSTL ) on the angiogenesis of vasa vasorum and oxidative stress in the early stage of atherosclero-sis. Methods The rabbits ( n =84 ) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=12):control group,high-fat group, adventitial injury group, GSTL high(GH)and medium ( GM ) dose group, atorvastain group ( ATO ) , and Tongxinluo group ( TXL ) . The normal group was fed with common foodstuffs, and high-fat foodstuffs for the high-fat group to establish an early model of hyper-lipidemia, and all the other groups were fed with high-fat diet combined with carotid artery cannula to build early atherosclerosis carotid artery injury rabbit mod-els. The GSTL high and medium dose was given Guishaotongluo ultrafine powder 4. 16,2. 08 g·kg-1 · d-1 respectively. The atorvastain group and Tongxinluo group were given suspension of atorvastain solution 2. 5 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , Tongxinluo supermicro powder 0. 6 g ·kg-1 ·d-1 . All groups were treated with gastric per-fusion for 4 weeks. Biochemical method was applied to detect blood lipid change. HE staining was used to ob-serve the pathological morphology of intima-media. Aactivity of serum superoxide dismutase( SOD) ,malon-dialdehyde ( MDA ) content and the total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) in artery serum were detected. NADPH subunits p22phox mRNA, gp91phox mRNA in carotid arteries were located and semi-quantitated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2 in the carotid artery adventitia was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with normal group,the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly increased, and VEGF, VEGFR-2 protein levels were remarkly increased in high-fat and adventi-tial injury group. The carotid artery injuries,the degree of angiogenesis of vasa vasorum and NADPH subunits p22phox, gp91phox mRNA in adventitia tissue of the GH,GM, ATO and TXL group were milder in varying degrees compared with those of the vasa injury group. Also the activity of SOD,T-AOC increased,while MDA content,VEGF,VEGFR-2 protein levels were remarkly decreased ( P < 0. 5 or P < 0. 01 ) . Conclusions GSTL can inbibit adventitial neovascularization in the early stage of atherosclerosis, and its mechanism might be related to the increase of total antioxidant capacity of the vascular system and adventitia tissue.

Effect of Tongxinluo on Homocysteine-induced Rat’s Cardiac Micro Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury and the Oxidative Stress Mechanism / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of Tongxinluo (TXL) on homocysteine-induced rat’s cardiac micro vascular endothelial cell (RCMECs) injury and to study the oxidative stress mechanism. Methods: Primary RCMECs were cultured with tissue explants process, cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope and the cell was identiifed by CD31 immunolfuorescence method. RCMEC injury model was established by Homocysteine (Hcy) induction and the cells were divided into 5 groups: Control group, with normal cells, Hcy group, the cells were treated by Hcy at 10 mmol/L, Low-dose TXL group, Hcy treated cells were cultured with TXL at 100 mg/L, Middle-dose TXL (200 mg/L) group and high-dose TXL (400 mg/L) group. Cell survival rates were detected, supernatant levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were examined, intracellular protein expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected and mRNA expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured in different groups respectively. Results: Compared with Control group, Hcy group showed decreased cell survival rate (74.61 ± 2.88)% vs (100.00 ± 2.07)%, increased supernatant level of MDA (4.10 ± 0.18) nmol/ml vs (1.92 ± 0.10) nmol/ml, reduced SOD activity (7.55 ± 0.71) U/ml vs (20.77 ± 0.68) U/ml, elevated ROS level(38.17 ± 10.28) % vs (19.83 ± 2.97) %, up-regulated mRNA expression of ET-1 and down-regulated protein expression of eNOS. Compared with Hcy group, the above indexes were improved in each TXL group at different levels. Conclusion: TXL could decrease Hcy induced RCMECs injury, such protection was conducted by reducing the oxidative stress mechanism in cells.

Influence of “Ying-nutrient and Wei-defense unblocking collaterals prescription”on carotid sympathetic nerve in early atherosclerosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of“Ying-nutrient and Wei-defense unblocking collaterals prescription”on the carotid sympathetic nerve in early atherosclero-sis. Methods The rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups:Control group, high-fat group, Complex mod-el group, GSTL-H group, GSTL-L group and ATO group. The control group was fed with common food-stuffs, High-fat group with high-fat diet to build early atherosclerosis model, and all the other groups with high-fat diet combined with carotid artery cannula to build early atherosclerosis carotid artery injury rabbit model. All groups were given corresponding medicines intragastrically once a day for 4 weeks. The GSTL-H and GSTL-L group was given Guishaotongluo ultrafine powder 0. 6 g·kg-1·d-1, 0. 3 g·kg-1·d-1, and the ATO group was given suspension of atorvastain so-lution 2. 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 . Biochemical method was used to detect blood lipid change. HE staining was ap-plied to observe the pathological morphology of intima-media, The content of NE in the carotid arterial was detected by ELISA. The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression of NGF, TH around the carotid arterial. The expression of NGF, TH in the carotid artery adventitia was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with normal group, the levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in high-fat group and complex model group were significantly increased( P<0. 01). The degree of the intimal hyperplasia,the con-tent of NE and sympathetic density ( NGF, TH protein expression and distribution ) of the cartoid artery in complex model group were heavier compared with those in high-fat group; the lipid levels, degree of the inti-mal hyperplasia and sympathetic density ( NGF, TH protein expression and distribution ) in the GSTL-H, GSTL-L group were milder in varying degrees compa-ring with those in the complex model group(P<0. 05, P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion “Ying-nutrient and Wei-de-fense unblocking collaterals prescription” can reduce rabbit carotid atherosclerosis, and the mechanism may be related to regulating the sympathetic nerve of arterial wall.

Notch Signaling Pathway with the Polarization of Macrophages / 医学研究生学报

Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases because of its plasticity and diversity.The Notch signaling pathway is a key regulator of the biological function of macrophage and has a complex network connection with many other signaling pathways.This paper reviews the conduction of Notch signaling pathway and its regulation on the polarization of macro-phages.

Tongxinluo protects vascular endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury / 医学研究生学报

Ob jectiev Oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( ox-LDL) induces vascular endothelial cell injury , which is one of the factors initiating atherosclerosis .This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Tongxinluo ( TXL ) on vascular endothelial cells with ox-LDL-induced injury . Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC ) were cultured in vitro and divided into five groups:normal control, oxidative stress injury (OSI) model, and high, medium and low dose TXL.The HUVECs were incubated with ox-LDL at the concentration of 30 mg/L for 24 hours to induce oxidative stress injury and then treated with TXL at 50, 100 and 150 mg/L for 4 hours, followed by 24 hour incubation with 30 mg/L ox-LDL added to the culture medium .The viability of the cells was detected by MTS assay, the nitric oxide (NO) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and mitochondrial membrane poten-tial ( MMP) in the cell culture supernatant were measured with respective kits , and the expressions of iNOS , MMP9, and NF-κBp65 proteins were determined by Western blot . Results The HUVECs of the OSI model group showed a significant decrease in cell via-bility compared with the normal control , ([73 .89 ±0.67] vs [100.00 ±2.23]%, P<0.01) but a remarkably increase after treated with medium and high dose TXL ([92.15 ±0.76]%and [ 97.19 ±1.45]%, P<0.01).The MMP, NO content, and SOD activity were markedly reduced in the model group (P<0.01) but elevated in the low, medium, and high dose TXL groups (P<0 .01).The expressions of the iNOS, MMP9, and NF-κBp65proteins were significantly up -regulated in the model group (P<0.01) but down reg-ulated in the low, medium, and high dose TXL groups (P<0.05).C on clusion TXL has the effects of anti-oxidation and anti-in-flammation and can protect vascular endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury .

Treatment of plantar cutaneous deficiency with retrograde medial pedicled skin flap of the leg / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To introduce clinical application of retrograde medial pedicled skin flap of the leg to repair the plantar cutaneous deficiency. Methods From January 2002 to May 2008, in our hospital we adopted retrograde medial pedicled skin flap to renovate 12 cases of plantar cutaneous deficiency. The size of the skin flaps ranged from 10 cm× 7 cm to 13 cm × 12 cm. Results Ten cases of retrograde medial pedicled skin flap were survived, the rest had partial necrosis because of distal blood flow obstacle. One was cured by changing dressings; the other was repaired by secondary operation. Morphology and function of soft tissue defects were renovated well with 6-18 months follow-up. Conclusion This operation is an effective and reliable technique for plantar cutaneous deficiency.

Effects of sport fatigue and poverty of movement on neuroendocrine system in Wistar rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To observe the different changes of neuroendocrine systems between the state of sport fatigue and poverty of movement. METHODS: 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, sport fatigue model group and poverty of movement model group (20 rats in each group). The sport fatigue model was established by the method of combining basal diet and loaded swimming during 2 weeks, whereas the method of restricted activities was used to establish the poverty of movement model with total experimental time of 10 weeks. By the end of experiment, the climbing pole time was determined. The contents of hypothalamus thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and serum norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in rats with different treatments were determined by ELISA. In addition, the changes of hypothalamus corticotropin release hormone (CRH), pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T_3), tetraiodothyronine (T_4) were determined by radioimmunoassay to evaluate the functions of adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. RESULTS: Compared to control group, the climbing pole time of the animals was obviously decreased in two model group. The adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system and HPA axis were inhibited in sport fatigue model rats, but HPT axis was unchanged. Interestingly, the HPA axis was hyperfunctional and HPT axis was inhibited in poverty of movement model rats. However, no change in the adrenergic nerve-adrenomedullin system was observed. CONCLUSION: Sport fatigue and poverty of movement all affect neuroendocrine system and lead to the adjustment mechanism imbalance, but the target and tendency are different.